{"id":359553,"date":"2016-04-04T10:42:50","date_gmt":"2016-04-04T15:42:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-law\/dictionary\/definition\/complaint.html"},"modified":"2021-05-05T08:39:12","modified_gmt":"2021-05-05T13:39:12","slug":"complaint","status":"publish","type":"dictionary","link":"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/complaint.html","title":{"rendered":"Complaint"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 fl-sectionWithSidebar fl-container fl-flex fl-flex-wrap fl-gap30\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-page-articles fl-section-main fl-section-main-full-width\">\n        \n<div class=\"fl-index-heading\">\n    <p>term:<\/p>\n    <h1 class=\"fl-h1 fl-mb20\">Complaint, n<\/h1>\n\n    <dl class=\"fl-index-heading-description-list\">\n        <dd><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<section class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline\">\n    <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-content\">\n                    By <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/bridget-molitor-jd\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bridget Molitor, JD<\/a> | Legally reviewed by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/kellie-pantekoek-esq\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kellie Pantekoek, Esq.<\/a>\n                | Last reviewed\n        <time>\n                            May 05, 2021\n                    <\/time>\n    <\/div>\n\n    \n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-legally-reviewed\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Legally Reviewed\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy, clarity, and style by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">FindLaw\u2019s team of legal writers and attorneys<\/a> and in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/company-history\/editorial-policy.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">our editorial standards<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n\n    <details class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle fl-gutenberg-byline-fast-checked\">\n        <summary>\n            <i class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n            Fact-Checked\n        <\/summary>\n\n        <div class=\"fl-gutenberg-byline-toggle-content\">\n            <p><em>The last updated date refers to the last time this article was reviewed by FindLaw or one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/company\/our-team\/contributing-authors.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contributing authors<\/a>. We make every effort to keep our articles updated. For information regarding a specific legal issue affecting you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/?fli=bylinelink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contact an attorney in your area<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/details>\n<\/section>\n<h2>What Is a Complaint?<br>\r\n<\/h2>\r\n<p>A legal complaint, also called a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/petition.html\" title=\"Petition\">petition<\/a>, is typically the first document filed in a lawsuit. It is the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/pleading.html\" title=\"Pleading\">pleading<\/a>&nbsp;that starts a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/lawsuit.html\" title=\"Lawsuit\">lawsuit<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<p>A complaint:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Identifies the parties, including their names and addresses<\/li>\r\n<li>Explains why the court has&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/jurisdiction.html\" title=\"Jurisdiction\">jurisdiction<\/a>&nbsp;to hear the case<\/li>\r\n<li>States the plaintiff&#8217;s claims against the defendant<\/li>\r\n<li>Goes over what happened, according to the plaintiff (states the facts)<\/li>\r\n<li>Sets forth the plaintiff&#8217;s request for relief<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Types of Complaints<\/h2>\r\n<p>There may be other complaints filed in a lawsuit, including:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Amended complaint\/supplemental complaint:&nbsp;A complaint that changes or adds to the original complaint to correct information or add relevant information. A plaintiff must have court approval to submit a supplemental or amended complaint.<\/li>\r\n<li>Third-party complaint:&nbsp;A third-party complaint is a document typically filed by the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/defendant.html\">defendant<\/a>&nbsp;to a lawsuit. It states that another party (a &quot;third party&quot;) caused some or all of the plaintiff&#8217;s harm and is partially or fully responsible for the damages.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Criminal Complaints<\/h2>\r\n<p>A criminal complaint lists the alleged offenses (charges) against a defendant and the facts surrounding those offenses.<\/p>\r\n<p>Typically, the government (through a prosecutor) files a criminal complaint with the court. A court will determine whether the complaint shows probable cause. This initiates the criminal case and often precedes an arrest warrant.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Legal Complaint Example<\/h2>\r\n<p>Many state court resources offer example complaints, or templates to help you begin your complaint. You can also find a sample complaint letter for a civil case on&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.uscourts.gov\/forms\/pro-se-forms\/complaint-civil-case\" title=\"uscourts.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">uscourts.gov<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Relevant Rules and Court Cases<\/h2>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/uscode.house.gov\/view.xhtml;jsessionid=704BCFB24C324491C56A7AFE0B6C3AA0?req=granuleid%3AUSC-2000-title28a-node81-node92&amp;saved=%7CZ3JhbnVsZWlkOlVTQy0yMDAwLXRpdGxlMjhhLW5vZGU4MS1ub2RlOTItcnVsZTg%3D%7C%7C%7C0%7Cfalse%7C2000&amp;edition=2000\" title=\"Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Title III\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Title III<\/a>: Federal civil court rules explaining what a complaint is and what it must include.<\/p>\r\n<p>State Rules of Practice: Many states have their own rules for complaints. See, for example, the specific requirements for a complaint in New York:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/ny\/civil-practice-law-and-rules\/cvpny-cplr-rule-2101.html\" title=\"CVP Rule 2101\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CVP Rule 2101<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/court\/us-supreme-court\/550\/544.html\" title=\"Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 US 544 (2007)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 US 544 (2007)<\/a>: The U.S. Supreme Court held that a complaint requires enough factual information to show that a relief was &quot;plausible on its face,&quot; rather than simply conceivable.<\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/caselaw.findlaw.com\/court\/us-supreme-court\/556\/662.html\" title=\"Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 566 US 662 (2009)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 566 US 662 (2009)<\/a>: Further explaining the need for factual allegations to meet the standard of Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Rule 8.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Additional Resources:<\/h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/injury\/accident-injury-law\/starting-a-lawsuit-initial-court-papers.html\" title=\"Starting a Lawsuit: Initial Court Papers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Starting a Lawsuit: Initial Court Papers<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/litigation\/filing-a-lawsuit\/civil-court-cases.html\" title=\"Civil Court Cases\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Civil Court Cases<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/litigation\/filing-a-lawsuit\/how-to-sue.html\" title=\"How to Sue\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How to Sue<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.findlaw.com\/litigation\/going-to-court\/self-representation.html\" title=\"Self-Representation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Self-Representation<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/lawyers.findlaw.com\/litigation-appeals\/?fli=dcta\" title=\"Find a Civil Litigation Attorney\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Find a Civil Litigation Attorney<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div>\n            <div class=\"contentList list parbase section\">\n\t\t\t<h2>Related Terms from the Divorce and Family Law Glossary<\/h2>\n\t\n\t<div class=\"grid\" style=\"--bs-gap: 0 15px\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"g-col-12 g-col-12 g-col-md-6 g-col-xxl-4\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"fl-list fl-no-margin fl-mt20 fl-mb20\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"fl-flex fl-list-control-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a title=\"Accrual\" href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/accrual.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAccrual\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"fl-flex fl-list-control-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a title=\"Adoption\" href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/adoption.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAdoption\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"fl-flex fl-list-control-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a title=\"Alimony\" href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/alimony.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAlimony\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"fl-flex fl-list-control-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a title=\"Alternative Dispute Resolution (Adr)\" href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/alternative-dispute-resolution-adr.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAlternative Dispute Resolution (Adr)\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"fl-flex fl-list-control-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a title=\"Annulment\" href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/annulment.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAnnulment\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"g-col-12 g-col-12 g-col-md-6 g-col-xxl-4\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"fl-list fl-no-margin fl-mt20 fl-mb20\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"fl-flex fl-list-control-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a title=\"Arrearage\" href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/arrearage.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tArrearage\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"fl-flex fl-list-control-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a title=\"Burden Of Proof\" href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/burden-of-proof.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBurden Of Proof\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"fl-flex fl-list-control-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a title=\"Child Support\" href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/child-support.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tChild Support\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"fl-flex fl-list-control-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a title=\"Child Support Guidelines\" href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/child-support-guidelines.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tChild Support Guidelines\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"fl-flex fl-list-control-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a title=\"Community Property\" href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/community-property.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCommunity Property\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"g-col-12 g-col-12 g-col-md-6 g-col-xxl-4\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"fl-list fl-no-margin fl-mt20 fl-mb20\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"fl-flex fl-list-control-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a title=\"Complainant\" href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/complainant.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tComplainant\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"fl-flex fl-list-control-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a title=\"Complaint\" href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/complaint.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tComplaint\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"fl-flex fl-list-control-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a title=\"Custody\" href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/custody.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCustody\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"fl-flex fl-list-control-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a title=\"Decree\" href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/decree.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDecree\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"fl-flex fl-list-control-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-angle-right small\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a title=\"Default\" href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/definition\/default.html\" class=\"fl-list-item-link\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDefault\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n\t\t\t<p class=\"fl-text-bold\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/legal-glossary\/divorce-and-family-law.html\">See More Divorce and Family Law Terms<\/a>\n\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t<p class=\"fl-text-bold\">\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/#glossary\">See Other Legal Glossaries <span aria-hidden=\"true\">&raquo;<\/span><\/a>\n\t<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-section-sidebar\">\n        <div class=\"fl-editors-summary\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary\">\n    \n    <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content\">\n                    <h2>Key Takeaways:\u00a0<\/h2>\n                <div class=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\" data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-main\">\n            \n        <\/div>\n        <ul class=\"fl-list-style-none\">\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    A legal complaint is typically the first document in a lawsuit\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    Filing a complaint starts the lawsuit\n\n                <\/li>\n                            <li data-testid=\"fl-editors-summary-content-item\">\n                    <i class=\"fa fa-check medium fl-editors-summary-content-item-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n                    Other complaints can be filed in a lawsuit, including amended complaints and third-party complaints\n\n                <\/li>\n                    <\/ul>\n                    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is &#8216;Complaint&#8217;? Learn more about legal terms and the law at FindLaw.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"parent":358119,"menu_order":0,"template":"app\/Http\/Controllers\/Templates\/DictionaryArticleController.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":false,"_modified_date":"","_autodraft_ids":[],"_cloudinary_featured_overwrite":false,"_sb_is_suggestion_mode":false,"_sb_show_suggestion_boards":false,"_sb_show_comment_boards":false,"_sb_suggestion_history":"","_sb_update_block_changes":"","_is_real_time_mode":false,"_realtime_collaborators":"","cf_checklist_status":[]},"dictionary_tags":[2762,2756,2757],"class_list":["post-359553","dictionary","type-dictionary","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/dictionary\/359553","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/dictionary"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/dictionary"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/dictionary\/358119"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=359553"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"dictionary_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dictionary.findlaw.com\/law-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/dictionary_tags?post=359553"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}